• Stress and anxiety lead to tension that will cause headaches. In addition to things that we traditionally think cause stress, such as personal relationships, kids, the job, a sick relative, school, etc., many of the life-choices we make lead to stress. We often make the wrong choices, such as drinking, eating the wrong foods or binge eating, drinking caffeinated sodas, and taking painkillers that mask the underlying cause of our headaches and often cause rebound headaches. Take stock of what you do on a daily basis and try to eliminate those things that are adding stress to your life. The results may surprise you!

• Bright lights trigger headaches in some people because they cause them to squint, straining the eyes and facial muscles and creating tension in the neck. A bright computer screen, fluorescent lighting or high wattage task lights are several possible culprits. The old-style fluorescent lights with flat cover panels are the worst. Have you ever been in an office and felt you wished you had a baseball cap on to shield your eyes? The lighting was the problem! By switching these covers to ones with 1" open grids you will eliminate much of the glare. An even better solution is to use full spectrum lights (Ott lights) that simulate natural light. They are a lot less harsh on the eyes. Also, cutting down the number of fixtures in a room or the number of bulbs in the fixture will be a great help. For some reason lighting gurus have specified too many "foot candles" for office lighting and have created a major source of headaches for workers.

• Bad sleeping habits, especially using too many pillows or too large a pillow, will throw the neck alignment off which will result in neck strain. Too little or too much sleep can also cause headaches.

• Sleeping with a blanket or sheet pulled over your head may cause you to wake up with a headache because the coverings restrict your oxygen intake, thereby causing carbon dioxide to build up in your blood.

• A serotonin deficit in your brain can trigger migraines. With a lack of serotonin, the blood vessels in your brain will swell, creating pressure that causes pain. Talk to your physician about ways to increase your serotonin levels if you get migraines more than twice a month.

• Sleep apnea and regular snoring are major causes of headaches. A study by Ann I. Scher, PhD, as reported in Neurology, found that 24 percent of people with chronic daily headaches (15 or more a month) also were habitual snorers. Some theorize, too, that medication taken for headaches causes sleep disturbances, while, on the other hand, sleep disturbances cause headaches. This is a vicious circle! If you snore or have sleep apnea, a serious health condition, we suggest you deal with the problem and see if your headaches stop.

• Using oral contraceptives can be a cause of migraines.

• Premarin (CEE or conjugated equine estrogen) used to address menopausal symptoms has headaches as one of its most common side effects.

• Menstruation, with its associated fluctuations in hormone levels, is another possible cause. The drop in estrogen can cause constriction in the blood vessels in the head, which in turn triggers the headache. Proper balancing between estrogen and progesterone will help relieve menstruation headaches. Hopefully your doctor will understand the correlation! Some of the supplements listed below, or the use of natural progesterone cream, will help lessen the effects of the estrogenic drop. These hormonal headaches may also be a symptom of menopause. To help with hormonal balancing, take a B-complex with at least 50 mg of B-6, calcium, magnesium (both discussed under Supplements below) and the herb chasteberry (0.5% agnusides) at 375-500 mg twice a day.

• Quite possibly some of your favorite foods and drinks are the source of your headaches. Some of the most common offenders are chocolate, alcohol, diet drinks (see aspartame below), dried fruits, dairy foods, citrus fruits, and any foods that are aged, cured, pickled, soured, yeasty, or fermented. Solution: For two weeks eliminate any suspected food triggers completely from your diet. Read the entire Causes section so that you know what to eliminate (some of the items may surprise you!). If your headaches go away, one by one reintroduce the foods that you have eliminated, allowing a day in between. If your headaches start again, you have found your trigger. During this time be sure to drink several quarts of water every day to cleanse your system (see the water discussion in the TIPS section below) of accumulated toxins.

A food sensitivity test, called IgG, may help pinpoint the problem. Your physician or allergist will be able to help you with this test.

Migraine sufferers are especially sensitive to gluten, sulfites in wine, food additives, cheese, eggs, dairy, soy, corn and nuts.

• Certain food ingredients such as casein, tryamine, nitrites (wine, processed meats, etc.), MSG, and aspartame (mentioned below) are headache triggers for many people.

• Artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame, trigger headaches in some people. Remove these sweeteners completely from your diet, and, if they are the cause of your headaches, the headaches should lessen or disappear completely within two to three weeks. If you are severely poisoned by the sweeteners, you may need to go through a detoxification program to remove them from your body.

• When you chew you use eight different facial muscles. Excessive chewing, as in chewing gum, can create chronic tightness in two of these muscles close to your temples, and this puts pressure on the nerves that serve this part of your head. The result can be chronic headaches. We surmise that this same problem affects those who chew tobacco.

• Going too long between meals can cause metabolic changes that trigger headaches. Eat some sort of snack, preferably carbohydrates and proteins such as fruit, cheese, or an energy bar. This will keep your blood sugar from that roller-coaster effect, too.

• Wine, especially red wine, has certain compounds in it that trigger headaches or migraines in some people. Researchers believe it is the nitrites used as preservatives that cause the headaches. Even a glass or two can cause serious problems to those who are affected by it.

• Dehydration is a major cause of headaches. Generally, people do not drink enough water, so the body becomes dehydrated causing blood vessels to constrict in an effort to conserve body fluids. Blood vessels may also go into spasm, resulting in a reduced flow of blood and oxygen to the brain.

• Alcohol consumption is a major contributor to dehydration and the resulting problems mentioned above. To help remedy this, drink water while you are consuming alcohol and before bedtime. In addition, impurities in alcohol can exacerbate a headache. Some forms of alcohol have more impurities than others. See the wine entry above for a further explanation.

• Smoking can cause headaches because the nicotine and carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke affect the blood vessels. Nicotine constricts the blood vessels. Secondhand smoke causes headaches in some people, perhaps due to a reaction to chemicals either in the cigarette paper or tobacco.

• Wheat and gluten sensitivity is a major cause of headaches, especially migraines. Ten percent of the population is sensitive to wheat/gluten and this problem may result in a wide variety of diseases, not just digestive ones that come to mind first. Go completely off wheat products for 30 days and see how you feel. If your headaches lessen in frequency or do not occur, then you have found your trigger.

• If you are undergoing detoxification headaches are a positive sign that toxins are being flushed out of your body. Bear with it for a few days and know that you are achieving your goal.

• Changes in barometric pressure due to an oncoming storm or change in altitude can trigger headaches.

• VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are a major contributing factor to ozone, an air pollutant, and are a leading cause of headaches. VOCs are two to five times higher in indoor air than outdoor air, due in part to the air tightness of today's houses and offices and the prevalence of VOC-producing products. Major sources of VOCs include drinking water, deodorants, nearly anything that is sprayed, cleaning fluids, nail polish remover, pest repellents, carpeting, paints and painting products, such as thinner, dry cleaned clothing, moth repellents, and air fresheners - both spray and the hanging kind. So, don't forget to eliminate air fresheners in your car! Dry cleaned clothes are especially nasty because they are treated with perchloroethylene, better known as "perc," a solvent, which is known to attack the central nervous system. Put your dry cleaning in your trunk instead of inside your car, then let it air out when you get home before you put it in your closet.

Do you have headaches and a new car? Well, that "sweet smell of success" could be the cause of your headaches, as the glues, paints, upholstery and plastics used in new car manufacturing produce VOCs.

Other sources of VOCs emit formaldehyde, a very potent neurotoxin. Some examples are synthetic fabrics and leather, waterproofed clothes, and fabrics treated with fire retardants (especially children's clothing!). Watch for "no-iron," "easy care," or "permanent press" on the label. Others products that emit formaldehyde include particle board, paneling, plywood, drapes, upholstery and carpeting, among others. In addition to headaches, formaldehyde-emitting products may give you watery or irritated eyes, rashes, or chronic respiratory problems. Eliminate these sources and see if your headaches go away. 

These compounds can cause eye and respiratory problems, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, visual disorders and memory impairment. If you have any of these other symptoms as well as headaches, VOCs may be the answer.

• Fumes from copy machines and laser printers can cause headaches.

• Electromagnetic fields (EMF) cause headaches for many people. All electrically active devices produce EMF. Due to our own personal chemical and electrical makeup, some people are more sensitive to EMF than others. This condition is known as electrosensitivity. For some reason women are more prone to electrosensitivity than men. Such commonly used devices as cell phones, microwave ovens, computers, electric stoves, and electric blankets, to name a few, may the culprit. If you believe one of these devices is causing your headaches, change your usage pattern and see if that helps. Your workplace may have other sources of EMF, too, so it will pay to investigate.

• A Teflon-coated pan, heated to 500 degrees (cooking bacon, for instance), may give off ultrafine particles, and at 680 degrees the pan will emit toxic gas that results in flu-like symptoms, including headaches.

• A survey of 19,000 farmers in North Carolina and Iowa found that their use of agricultural insecticides had headaches as one of their resulting health conditions. If you use insecticides, such as those with organophosphates or organochlorines, stop their use and see if your headaches cease. Other recurring health conditions are: fatigue, insomnia, nausea, hand tremor and numbness.

• Constipation is the culmination of a series of problems: dehydration, digestive problems, toxic overload, and poor food choices, among others. As you can see from reading this section, these factors come into play with causing your headaches. Besides taking into consideration our recommendations for the headache-related causes mentioned here, please see our constipation section for further suggestions and remedies.

• Hypothyroidism (low thyroid) has headaches, including migraines, as one of its symptoms.

• Wilson's Syndrome, a form of low thyroid, can cause headaches and migraines.

• Lyme Disease has headaches as one of the symptoms.

• Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is frequently a cause of headaches, especially migraines. Research has shown that blood sugar levels are low during a migraine attack, and the lower the blood sugar level the more severe the headache. We suggest that you eat several small meals, or healthful snacks in between regular meals to keep you from having blood sugar swings.